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WireWorks
Pipe cross-sectional area times flow velocity, converted to gallons per minute.
Plumbing codes and best practice typically target 4-8 ft/s flow velocity for water supply lines — too slow wastes pipe capacity, too fast causes noise, erosion ("water hammer"), and premature pipe wear.
Flow scales with the square of the diameter, not linearly — doubling a pipe's diameter roughly quadruples its flow capacity at the same velocity, which is why even modest diameter upgrades meaningfully increase capacity.
Flow rate
12.24 GPM
Typical residential water supply velocity is 4-8 ft/s to balance flow against pipe noise and erosion.
What you entered
Cross-sectional area of the pipe
π × (1/24)²= 0.0055 ft²Flow rate in cubic feet per second
0.0055 × 5= 0.0273 ft³/sConvert to gallons per minute
0.0273 × 448.831= 12.24 GPMResult
Flow rate: 12.24 GPM
A 1" pipe at 5 ft/s carries about 12.239966773466671 gallons per minute.